Cholera Toxin
Research News and Information

Monday, November 23, 2009

Combined intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal mechanisms facilitate bridging axonal regeneration one year after spinal cord injury.

27 Oct 2009 Despite advances in promoting axonal regeneration after acute spinal cord injury (SCI), elicitation of bridging axon regeneration after chronic SCI remains a formidable challenge. We report that combinatorial therapies administered 6 weeks, and as ... Read more...

CD11c(high )dendritic cells are essential for activation of CD4+ T cells and generation of specific antibodies following mucosal immunization.

26 Sep 2009 To generate vaccines that protect mucosal surfaces, a better understanding of the cells required in vivo for activation of the adaptive immune response following mucosal immunization is required. CD11c(high) conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) have ... Read more...

Parallel preoptic pathways for thermoregulation.

21 Sep 2009 Sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullary raphe (RMR) regulate heat conservation by tail artery vasoconstriction and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. These neurons are a critical relay in the pathway that increases body temperature. ... Read more...

Latest indexed articles for 'Cholera Toxin'

These are the very latest articles for this heading:

• Combined intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal mechanisms facilitate bridging axonal regeneration one year after spinal cord injury. 27 Oct 2009
• CD11c(high )dendritic cells are essential for activation of CD4+ T cells and generation of specific antibodies following mucosal immunization. 26 Sep 2009
• Parallel preoptic pathways for thermoregulation. 21 Sep 2009
• A new twist on a classic paradigm: illumination of a genetic switch in Vibrio cholerae phage CTX Phi. 9 Sep 2009
• Posterior parietal cortex areas MIP and LIPv receive eye position and velocity inputs via ascending preposito-thalamo-cortical pathways. 2 Sep 2009
• Hitting the mucosal road in tolerance induction. 17 Aug 2009
• Vibrio cholerae LexA coordinates CTX prophage gene expression. 5 Aug 2009
• Oral MucoRice expressing double-mutant cholera toxin A and B subunits induces toxin-specific neutralising immunity. 5 Aug 2009
• The density of GM1-enriched lipid rafts correlates inversely with the efficiency of transfection mediated by cationic liposomes. 30 Jul 2009
• Possible mechanism of CCL2-induced Akt activation in prostate cancer cells. 30 Jul 2009
• The efficacy of the fluorescent conjugates of cholera toxin subunit B for multiple retrograde tract tracing in the central nervous system. 19 Jul 2009
• Structural and molecular mechanism for autoprocessing of MARTX toxin of Vibrio cholerae at multiple sites. 18 Jul 2009
• The formation of acetylcholine receptor clusters visualized with quantum dots. 14 Jul 2009
• Contrasting effects of type I interferon as a mucosal adjuvant for influenza vaccine in mice and humans. 12 Jul 2009
• Production of Ascaris suum As14 protein and its fusion protein with cholera toxin B subunit in rice seeds. 29 Jun 2009
• Bicarbonate Induces Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression by enhancing ToxT activity. 27 Jun 2009
• Transcutaneous immunization with a synthetic hexasaccharide-protein conjugate induces anti-Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide responses in mice. 25 Jun 2009
• Difference of climbing fiber input sources between the primate oculomotor-related cerebellar vermis and hemisphere revealed by a retrograde tracing study. 23 Jun 2009
• Retrograde labeling of phrenic motoneurons by intrapleural injection. 22 Jun 2009
• RSV fusion (F) protein DNA vaccine provides partial protection against viral infection. 19 Jun 2009

See a longer list of these articles.

Technical information about 'Cholera Toxin'

Definition: An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

Registry Number: 9012-63-9

Descriptor UI: D002772

Alternative terms: Cholera Toxin; Toxin, Cholera; Cholera Exotoxin; Exotoxin, Cholera; Choleragen; Cholera Enterotoxin CT; CT, Cholera Enterotoxin; Enterotoxin CT, Cholera; Procholeragenoid; Cholera Toxin Protomer A; Cholera Toxin A Subunit; Choleragenoid; Cholera Toxin Protomer B; Cholera Toxin B Subunit;

Allowable Qualifiers: administration & dosage; adverse effects; analysis; antagonists & inhibitors; biosynthesis; blood; cerebrospinal fluid; chemical synthesis; classification; diagnostic use; economics; genetics; history; immunology; isolation & purification; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; physiology; poisoning; radiation effects; secretion; standards; supply & distribution; therapeutic use; toxicity; urine; chemistry; contraindications; agonists;

Pharmacological Action: Poisons; Adjuvants, Immunologic;

Tree Number: D08.811.913.400.725.115.180; D23.946.123.194; D23.946.330.150;

History Note: 78

Technical Notes: /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS