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Insulin
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Definition of 'Insulin'

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

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Saturday, November 07, 2009

Functional role of aquaglyceroporin 7 expression in the pancreatic beta-cell line BRIN-BD11.

30 Oct 2009 Both mouse and rat pancreatic islet beta-cells were recently found to express aquaglyceroporin 7 (AQP7). In the present study, the expression and role of AQP7 in the function of BRIN-BD11 cells were investigated. AQP7 mRNA and protein were detected ... Read more...


Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes.

20 Oct 2009 BACKGROUND: Evidence supporting the addition of specific insulin regimens to oral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited. METHODS: In this 3-year open-label, multicenter trial, we evaluated 708 patients who had suboptimal ... Read more...


Effect of pyruvate, lactate and insulin on ATP supply and demand in unpaced perfused rat heart.

10 Oct 2009 Mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation is the main source of energy, in the form of ATP, in the heart under physiological conditions. Different respiratory substrates were used in various experiments during heart perfusion: glucose, ... Read more...

 

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Technical information about 'Insulin'

Definition: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Chemical name: Insulin (ox), 8A-L-threonine-10A-L-isoleucine-30B-L-threonine-

Registry Number: 11061-68-0

Descriptor UI: D007328

Alternative terms: Insulin; Insulin, Regular; Regular Insulin; Humulin S; Iletin; Insulin A Chain; Insulin, Globin Zinc; Globin Zinc Insulin; Velosulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; Insulin, Regular, Pork; Novolin; Sodium Insulin; Insulin, Sodium; Type I Insulin; Insulin, Type I; Type II Insulin; Insulin, Type II; Humulin; Insulin, Regular, Beef-Pork;

Related Mesh Headings: Hyperinsulinism; Nonsuppressible Insulin-Like Activity; Proinsulin; Receptor, Insulin;

Allowable Qualifiers: administration & dosage; adverse effects; analogs & derivatives; analysis; biosynthesis; blood; cerebrospinal fluid; chemical synthesis; classification; deficiency; diagnostic use; economics; genetics; history; immunology; isolation & purification; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; physiology; poisoning; radiation effects; secretion; standards; supply & distribution; therapeutic use; toxicity; urine; chemistry; contraindications; agonists;

Pharmacological Action: Hypoglycemic Agents;

Tree Number: D06.472.699.587.740.625; D12.644.548.586.740.625;

Technical Notes: /blood: consider also HYPERINSULINEMIA (excessively high blood insulin levels) but do not confuse with HYPERINSULINISM (excessive secretion of insulin by pancreas); /immunology: consider also INSULIN ANTIBODIES; precursor = PROINSULIN; INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is available

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