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Islets of Langerhans - Metabolism
Research News and Information
Definition of 'Islets of Langerhans'Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN. |
Monday, November 23, 2009
Annexin A5 directly interacts with amyloidogenic proteins and reduces their toxicity.
8 Nov 2009 
Protein misfolding is a central mechanism for the development of neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein inclusions in the Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease is thought to play a ... Read more...
Is antigen specificity of autoreactive T cells the key to islet entry?
14 Oct 2009 It has been widely hypothesized that pancreatic islet infiltrates include both islet-antigen-specific and nonspecific T cells. In this issue of Immunity, Lennon et al. (2009) demonstrate that islet-antigen specificity is required for accumulation in ... Read more...
Therapy of experimental type 1 diabetes by isolated Sertoli cell xenografts alone.
10 Oct 2009 Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and effective treatment of the disease might require rescuing beta cell function in a context of reinstalled immune tolerance. Sertoli cells (SCs) are found in ... Read more...
Latest indexed articles for 'Islets of Langerhans - Metabolism'
These are the very latest articles for this heading:
- Annexin A5 directly interacts with amyloidogenic proteins and reduces their toxicity. 8 Nov 2009
- Is antigen specificity of autoreactive T cells the key to islet entry? 14 Oct 2009
- Therapy of experimental type 1 diabetes by isolated Sertoli cell xenografts alone. 10 Oct 2009
- Gene therapy with neurogenin 3 and betacellulin reverses major metabolic problems in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. 7 Oct 2009
- T cell islet accumulation in type 1 diabetes is a tightly regulated, cell-autonomous event. 6 Oct 2009
- How punctual ablation of regulatory T cells unleashes an autoimmune lesion within the pancreatic islets. 6 Oct 2009
- Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the TCR-induced stop signal. 25 Sep 2009
- Autoimmunity triggers in the NOD mouse: a role for natural auto-antibody reactivities in type 1 diabetes. 30 Aug 2009
- MafA-deficient and beta cell-specific MafK-overexpressing hybrid transgenic mice develop human-like severe diabetic nephropathy. 24 Aug 2009
- Impaired glucose homeostasis in Shb-/- mice. 18 Aug 2009
- Insulin crystallization depends on zinc transporter ZnT8 expression, but is not required for normal glucose homeostasis in mice. 16 Aug 2009
- Mitochondrial malic enzyme (ME2) in pancreatic islets of the human, rat and mouse and clonal insulinoma cells. 13 Aug 2009
- Changes in islet plasma membrane calcium-ATPase activity and isoform expression induced by insulin resistance. Aug 2009
- Expression of the electrogenic Na+-HCO3--cotransporter NBCe1 in tumoral insulin-producing BRIN-BD11 cells. Aug 2009
- Mining incretin hormone pathways for novel therapies. 30 Jul 2009
- Folic acid or combination of folic acid and vitamin B(12) prevents short-term arsenic trioxide-induced systemic and mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. 30 Jul 2009
- Bibliography. Current world literature.
30 Jul 2009 - Chymase inhibition provides pancreatic islet protection in hamsters with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 30 Jul 2009
- IL-1 antagonism reduces hyperglycemia and tissue inflammation in the type 2 diabetic GK rat. 28 Jul 2009
- Phosphoenolpyruvate cycling via mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase links anaplerosis and mitochondrial GTP with insulin secretion. 25 Jul 2009
See a longer list of these articles.
Technical information about 'Islets of Langerhans'
Definition: Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.
Descriptor UI: D007515
Alternative terms: Islets of Langerhans; Langerhans Islets; Pancreatic Islets; Islet, Pancreatic; Islets, Pancreatic; Pancreatic Islet; Nesidioblasts; Nesidioblast; Pancreas, Endocrine; Endocrine Pancreas; Islands of Langerhans; Langerhans Islands; Islet Cells; Cell, Islet; Cells, Islet; Islet Cell;
Allowable Qualifiers: abnormalities; anatomy & histology; blood supply; cytology; drug effects; embryology; enzymology; growth & development; immunology; injuries; innervation; metabolism; microbiology; parasitology; pathology; physiology; physiopathology; radiation effects; radiography; radionuclide imaging; secretion; surgery; ultrastructure; ultrasonography; chemistry; virology;
Tree Number: A03.734.414; A06.407.414;
Online Note: use ISLETS OF LANGERHANS to search ISLANDS OF LANGERHANS 1966-90
History Note: 91; was ISLANDS OF LANGERHANS 1963-90
Technical Notes: do not confuse with LANGERHANS CELLS (skin); neoplasms = ADENOMA, ISLET CELL or CARCINOMA, ISLET CELL or their specifics