Phenytoin
Research News and Information

Sunday, November 22, 2009

Phenytoin toxicity and thyroid dysfunction.

23 Sep 2009 A 48-year-old woman with known epilepsy presented to the Emergency Department with a 1-day history of decreasing coordination, impaired speech, and recurrent falls. Phenytoin levels were measured and found to be grossly elevated at 170 mmol/L. A ... Read more...

Skin biopsies to assess response to systemic corticosteroid therapy in early-stage TEN: case report and review of the literature.

30 Aug 2009 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe, mucocutaneous, necrolytic reaction to a variety of antigenic stimuli. The use of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of TEN is controversial because of a lack of randomized, controlled, prospective ... Read more...

The use of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric brain tumor patients.

30 Aug 2009 Antiepileptic drugs are frequently used in children with brain tumors. This retrospective study reviewed chronic use of antiepileptic drugs in children with brain tumors at two children's hospitals between 2000 and 2007. Antiepileptic drugs were ... Read more...

Latest indexed articles for 'Phenytoin'

These are the very latest articles for this heading:

• Craniotomy pain: trying to do better. 30 Oct 2009
• Phenytoin toxicity and thyroid dysfunction. 23 Sep 2009
• Skin biopsies to assess response to systemic corticosteroid therapy in early-stage TEN: case report and review of the literature. 30 Aug 2009
• The use of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric brain tumor patients. 30 Aug 2009
• Should enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs be considered first-line agents? 30 Aug 2009
• The analgesic effect of gabapentin as a prophylactic anticonvulsant drug on postcraniotomy pain: a prospective randomized study. 25 Aug 2009
• The external pore loop interacts with S6 and S3-S4 linker in domain 4 to assume an essential role in gating control and anticonvulsant action in the Na(+) channel. 30 Jul 2009
• Diphenylhydantoin inhibits osteoclast differentiation and function through suppression of NFATc1 signaling. 30 Jul 2009
• Nephrotic-range proteinuria with small glomerular fibrillary deposits in a patient on diphenylhydantoin treatment. 30 Jul 2009
• Sodium channel activity modulates multiple functions in microglia. 30 Jul 2009
• The effects of propofol infusion on hepatic and pancreatic function and acid-base status in children undergoing craniotomy and receiving phenytoin. 30 Jul 2009
• Biopsy-proven immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis. 26 Jul 2009
• Bone disease induced by phenytoin therapy: clinical and experimental study. 21 Jul 2009
• Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after supratentorial neurosurgery. 12 Jul 2009
• Traditional Chinese medicine for epilepsy. 6 Jul 2009
• Intestinal obstruction and phenytoin intoxication. 30 May 2009
• Fosphenytoin. 30 May 2009
• Polymyoclonus seizure resulting from accidental injection of tranexamic acid in spinal anesthesia. 30 May 2009
• Molecularly imprinted polymers for simultaneous determination of antiepileptics in river water samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. May 2009
• Benign familial neonatal convulsions: novel mutation in a newborn. 29 Apr 2009

See a longer list of these articles.

Technical information about 'Phenytoin'

Definition: An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.

Chemical name: 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl-

Registry Number: 57-41-0

Descriptor UI: D010672

Alternative terms: Phenytoin; Fenitoin; 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin; Diphenylhydantoin; Difenin; Dihydan; Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate; Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium; Epamin; Epanutin; Hydantol; Antisacer; Dilantin;

Allowable Qualifiers: administration & dosage; adverse effects; analogs & derivatives; analysis; antagonists & inhibitors; blood; cerebrospinal fluid; chemical synthesis; classification; diagnostic use; economics; history; immunology; isolation & purification; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; poisoning; radiation effects; standards; supply & distribution; therapeutic use; toxicity; urine; chemistry; contraindications; agonists;

Pharmacological Action: Anticonvulsants;

Tree Number: D03.383.129.308.432.555.730;

Online Note: use PHENYTOIN to search DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN 1966-77

History Note: 78; was DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN 1963-77