Conditioning, Classical (Latest Articles)

Latest indexed articles for 'Conditioning, Classical'

Articles 101 to 110 of 200:

Association learning-dependent increases in acetylcholine release in the rat auditory cortex during auditory classical conditioning.

21 May 2009 The cholinergic system has been implicated in sensory cortical plasticity, learning and memory. This experiment determined the relationship between the acquisition of a Pavlovian conditioned approach response (CR) to an auditory conditioned stimulus ...
rec_pub_19467339-association-learning-dependent-increases-acetylcholine-release-rat.htm

Chronic ketamine impairs fear conditioning and produces long-lasting reductions in auditory evoked potentials.

21 May 2009 Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist with a variety of uses, ranging from recreational drug to pediatric anesthetic and chronic pain reliever. Despite its value in the clinical setting, little is known about the immediate and long-lasting effects ...
rec_pub_19467327-chronic-ketamine-impairs-fear-conditioning-produces-long-lasting.htm

Impairments in fear conditioning in mice lacking the nNOS gene.

21 May 2009 The fear conditioning paradigm is used to investigate the roles of various genes, neurotransmitters, and substrates in the formation of fear learning related to contextual and auditory cues. In the brain, nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal ...
rec_pub_19470653-impairments-fear-conditioning-mice-lacking-nnos-gene.htm

Exchange protein activated by cAMP enhances long-term memory formation independent of protein kinase A.

21 May 2009 It is well established that cAMP signaling within neurons plays a major role in the formation of long-term memories--signaling thought to proceed through protein kinase A (PKA). However, here we show that exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) is ...
rec_pub_19470652-exchange-protein-activated-camp-enhances-long-term-memory-formation.htm

Memory deficits are associated with impaired ability to modulate neuronal excitability in middle-aged mice.

21 May 2009 Normal aging disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity and learning and memory. Aging deficits were exposed in a subset (30%) of middle-aged mice that performed below criterion on a hippocampal-dependent contextual fear conditioning task. Basal neuronal ...
rec_pub_19470651-memory-deficits-associated-impaired-ability-modulate-neuronal.htm

A discrete population of neurons in the lateral amygdala is specifically activated by contextual fear conditioning.

21 May 2009 There is no clear identification of the neurons involved in fear conditioning in the amygdala. To search for these neurons, we have used a genetic approach, the fos-tau-lacZ (FTL) mouse, to map functionally activated expression in neurons following ...
rec_pub_19470650-a-discrete-population-neurons-lateral-amygdala-specifically-activated.htm

Serotonergic mechanisms of the median raphe nucleus-dorsal hippocampus in conditioned fear: Output circuit involves the prefrontal cortex and amygdala.

19 May 2009 Independent studies have shown that the median raphe nucleus (MRN) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) are involved in the expression of contextual conditioned fear (CFC). However, studies that examine the integrated involvement of serotonergic mechanisms ...
rec_pub_19464321-serotonergic-mechanisms-median-raphe-nucleus-dorsal-hippocampus.htm

What are the functions of fish brain pallium?

18 May 2009 There is some experimental evidence that the pallial areas of a fish's brain are involved in distincted learning functions. Recently published data suggest that the medial pallium is essential for avoidance learning and the lateral pallium is ...
rec_pub_19463910-what-functions-fish-brain-pallium.htm

Which cue to "want?" Central amygdala opioid activation enhances and focuses incentive salience on a prepotent reward cue.

18 May 2009 The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) helps translate learning into motivation, and here, we show that opioid stimulation of CeA magnifies and focuses learned incentive salience onto a specific reward cue (pavlovian conditioned stimulus, or CS). ...
rec_pub_19458221-which-cue-want-central-amygdala-opioid-activation-enhances-focuses.htm

Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative motivational signals.

15 May 2009 Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by reward or sensory stimuli predicting reward. These excitatory responses increase as the reward value increases. This response property has led to a hypothesis that dopamine neurons encode value-related ...
rec_pub_19448610-two-types-dopamine-neuron-distinctly-convey-positive-negative.htm

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