Reinforcement (Psychology) (Latest Articles)

Latest indexed articles for 'Reinforcement (Psychology)'

Articles 141 to 150 of 200:

High-rate operant behavior in two mouse strains: a response-bout analysis.

7 Mar 2009 Operant behavior sometimes occurs in bouts characterized by an initiation rate, within-bout response rate, and bout length. The generality of this structure was tested using high-rate nose-poking in mice. Reinforcement of short interresponse times ...
rec_pub_19429225-high-rate-operant-behavior-two-mouse-strains-response-bout-analysis.htm

Effects of initial-link duration on preference and resistance to change in concurrent-chains schedules.

7 Mar 2009 Previous studies with concurrent-chains procedures have shown that preference for a terminal-link signaling a higher reinforcement rate decreases as initial-link durations increase. Using a concurrent-chains procedure, the present experiment ...
rec_pub_19429215-effects-initial-link-duration-preference-resistance-change-concurrent.htm

Neural control of visual search by frontal eye field: effects of unexpected target displacement on visual selection and saccade preparation.

2 Mar 2009 The dynamics of visual selection and saccade preparation by the frontal eye field was investigated in macaque monkeys performing a search-step task combining the classic double-step saccade task with visual search. Reward was earned for producing a ...
rec_pub_19261711-neural-control-visual-search-frontal-eye-field-effects-unexpected.htm

Dissociation of the effects of MTEP [3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]piperidine] on conditioned reinstatement and reinforcement: comparison between cocaine and a conventional reinforcer.

Mar 2009 To advance understanding of the potential of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 as treatment targets for cocaine addiction, the effects of MTEP [3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl) ethynyl]piperidine] (a selective mGluR5 antagonist) on conditioned ...
rec_pub_19258516-dissociation-effects-mtep-3-2-methyl-1-3-thiazol-4-yl-ethynyl.htm

Chronic nicotine exposure switches the functional role of mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the processing of nicotine's rewarding and aversive effects.

27 Feb 2009 The mammalian ventral tegmental area (VTA) and associated mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system are critical neural substrates for processing nicotine's motivational effects. Considerable evidence suggests that the role of DA transmission may be altered ...
rec_pub_19133278-chronic-nicotine-exposure-switches-functional-role-mesolimbic.htm

The effects of foster care intervention on socially deprived institutionalized children's attention and positive affect: results from the BEIP study.

27 Feb 2009 BACKGROUND: We examined the effects of a foster care intervention on attention and emotion expression in socially deprived children in Romanian institutions. METHODS: Institutionalized children were randomized to enter foster care or to remain under ...
rec_pub_19309327-the-effects-foster-care-intervention-socially-deprived.htm

Dopamine's role in social modulation of infant isolation-induced vocalization: I. Reunion responses to the dam, but not littermates, are dopamine dependent.

27 Feb 2009 Rat pups' vocalization during social separation and the cessation of vocalization upon social reunion (contact quieting) model early life affiliative relationships. The present study examined the roles of dopamine (DA) receptors in regulating ...
rec_pub_19006095-dopamine-s-role-social-modulation-infant-isolation-induced.htm

GABA(A) receptors mediate the opposing roles of dopamine and the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus in the motivational effects of ethanol.

27 Feb 2009 Recent work has demonstrated that changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA(A) receptor ion conductance properties are responsible for switching morphine's positive reinforcing properties from a dopamine-independent to a dopamine-dependent ...
rec_pub_19302158-gaba-receptors-mediate-opposing-roles-dopamine-tegmental.htm

Perceptual stability during dramatic changes in olfactory bulb activation maps and dramatic declines in activation amplitudes.

27 Feb 2009 We compared the concentration dependence of the ability of rats to identify odorants with the calcium signals in the nerve terminals of the olfactory receptor neurons. Although identification performance decreased with concentrations both above and ...
rec_pub_19291227-perceptual-stability-dramatic-changes-olfactory-bulb-activation-maps.htm

Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use: comment on Spillane and Smith (2007).

27 Feb 2009 In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings. These ...
rec_pub_19254084-reflections-proposed-theory-reservation-dwelling-american-indian.htm

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