Conditioning, Operant (Latest Articles)

Latest indexed articles for 'Conditioning, Operant'

Articles 181 to 190 of 200:

Differential actions of adenosine A1 and A2A antagonists on the effort-related effects of dopamine D2 antagonism.

Mar 2009 Adenosine and dopamine receptors in striatal areas interact to regulate a number of different functions, including aspects of motor control and motivation. Recent studies indicate that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists can reverse the effects of ...
rec_pub_19428636-differential-actions-adenosine-a1-a2a-antagonists-effort-related.htm

Effects of antipsychotic drugs on MK-801-induced attentional and motivational deficits in rats.

27 Feb 2009 BACKGROUND: Attentional deficits that accompany schizophrenia are not effectively treated by available antipsychotic medications. Disruption of NMDA receptor function is often used to model aspects of this disorder in rodents. We used the 5-choice ...
rec_pub_19705572-effects-antipsychotic-drugs-mk-801-induced-attentional-motivational.htm

Effects of abstinence or extinction on cocaine seeking as a function of withdrawal duration.

27 Feb 2009 The resumption of drug-seeking behavior after abstinence or extinction is commonly studied model for relapse in addiction. For the benefits of extinction training over a given withdrawal period to be determined, it is necessary to discriminate ...
rec_pub_19307961-effects-abstinence-extinction-cocaine-seeking-function-withdrawal.htm

[Involvement of dopamine receptors of different types in formation of latent inhibition of passive avoidance reaction in Wistar rats]

27 Feb 2009 The effect of the intraperitoneal injection of dopaminergic agents on normal and weak latent inhibition of step-through passive avoidance task was studied in rats. Normal latent inhibition was caused by 20-fold preexposure (four times daily) of ...
rec_pub_19445386-involvement-dopamine-receptors-different-types-formation-latent.htm

Speech acquisition in older nonverbal individuals with autism: a review of features, methods, and prognosis.

27 Feb 2009 Individuals with autism often fail to develop useful speech. If they have not done so by age 5, the prognosis for future development has been thought to be poor. However, some cases of later development of speech have been reported. To quantify and ...
rec_pub_19372766-speech-acquisition-older-nonverbal-individuals-autism-review-features.htm

Potency of naltrexone to reduce ethanol self-administration in rats is greater for subcutaneous versus intraperitoneal injection.

27 Feb 2009 The opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) is used to treat alcohol dependence and may reduce alcohol consumption by selectively blocking opioid receptors. In rat experiments, discrepancy exists across studies regarding the potency of NTX to reduce ...
rec_pub_19251113-potency-naltrexone-reduce-ethanol-self-administration-rats-greater.htm

GABA(A) receptors mediate the opposing roles of dopamine and the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus in the motivational effects of ethanol.

27 Feb 2009 Recent work has demonstrated that changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA(A) receptor ion conductance properties are responsible for switching morphine's positive reinforcing properties from a dopamine-independent to a dopamine-dependent ...
rec_pub_19302158-gaba-receptors-mediate-opposing-roles-dopamine-tegmental.htm

Perceptual stability during dramatic changes in olfactory bulb activation maps and dramatic declines in activation amplitudes.

27 Feb 2009 We compared the concentration dependence of the ability of rats to identify odorants with the calcium signals in the nerve terminals of the olfactory receptor neurons. Although identification performance decreased with concentrations both above and ...
rec_pub_19291227-perceptual-stability-dramatic-changes-olfactory-bulb-activation-maps.htm

Establishment of a mouse model to assess brain neurotransmitter level and learning performance simultaneously following toxic chemical exposure: using in vivo microdialysis and schedule-controlled operant behavior.

27 Feb 2009 Most of the volatile organic compounds used in industrial and household products are reported to be toxic. While the effects of toxic chemicals on pulmonary and other systemic functions have been studied substantially, little is known about their ...
rec_pub_19297951-establishment-mouse-model-assess-brain-neurotransmitter-level.htm

Baclofen prevents drug-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking behaviour and nicotine place preference in rodents.

26 Feb 2009 The gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-B receptor agonist baclofen is known to reduce drug intake in both animals and humans and to prevent reinstatement of cocaine-, opioid-, and alcohol-seeking in rats after a period of extinction, but its effect on ...
rec_pub_19250803-baclofen-prevents-drug-induced-reinstatement-extinguished-nicotine.htm

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