Research article summary (published 30 Dec 2001):

Picture reality decision, semantic categories and gender. A new set of pictures, with norms and an experimental study.

Full Abstract

We present a new corpus of 80 pictures of unreal objects, useful for a controlled assessment of object reality decision. The new pictures were assembled from parts of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart [J. Exp. Psychol., Hum. Learning Memory 6; 1980: 174] set and were devised for the purpose of contrasting natural categories (animals, fruits and vegetables), artefacts (tools, vehicles and furniture), body parts and musical instruments. We examined 140 normal subjects in a free-choice and a multiple-choice object decision task, assembled with 80 pictures of real objects and above 80 new pictures of unreal objects in order to obtain a difficulty index for each picture. We found that the tasks were more difficult with pictures representing natural entities than with pictures of artefacts. We found a gender by category interaction, with a female superiority with some natural categories (fruits and vegetables, but not animals), and a male advantage with artefacts. On this basis, the difficulty index we calculated for each picture is separately reported for males and females. We discuss the possible origin of the gender effect, which has been found with the same categories in other tasks and has a counterpart in the different familiarity of the stimuli for males and females. In particular, we contrast explanations based on socially determined gender differences with accounts based on evolutionary pressures. We further comment on the relationship between data from normal subjects and the domain-specific account of semantic category dissociations observed in brain-damaged patients.

Author information

Author/s: Barbarotto, Riccardo (R); Laiacona, Marcella (M); Macchi, Valeria (V); Capitani, Erminio (E);

Affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Istituto Villa S. Ambrogio, Fatebenefratelli, Cernusco s/N, Milan, Italy.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: Neuropsychologia (Neuropsychologia), published in England. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2002-; vol 40 (issue 10) : pp 1637-53

Dates: Created 2002/05/06; Completed 2002/10/02; Revised 2009/11/11;

PMID: 11992652, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/11/2009, IMS Date: 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Decision Making Female Humans Male

Male Middle Aged Pattern Recognition, Visual Recognition (Psychology) Semantics Sex Factors Task Performance and Analysis

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