Research article summary (published 30 Dec 2002):

Nulliparity and late menopause are associated with decreased cognitive decline.

Full Abstract

Changes in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were examined over a median of 12.8 years in a population of 361 community-dwelling postmenopausal women who had never received estrogen replacement therapy. In a linear regression model that took into account age, education, race, surgical versus natural menopause, use of birth control pills, and MMSE score at baseline, it was found that nulliparous women and women who went through menopause later in life had significantly less cognitive decline. These results suggest that greater lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen may be associated with less age-related cognitive decline.

Author information

Author/s: McLay, Robert N (RN); Maki, Pauline M (PM); Lyketsos, Constantine G (CG);

Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Naval Medical Center San Diego, California, USA.

Grants: 1R01-MH-47447 (Agency:NIMH NIH HHS)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Journal: The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences (J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2003-; vol 15 (issue 2) : pp 161-7

Dates: Created 2003/05/01; Completed 2003/06/05; Revised 2007/11/14;

PMID: 12724456, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 2/18/2009, IMS Date: 18 Feb 2009 00:00:00)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - physiology Cognition Disorders - complications; epidemiology Cohort Studies Contraceptives, Oral Demography Educational Status Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Estrogen Replacement Therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Menopause - physiology Mental Status Schedule - statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Parity - physiology Postmenopause Regression Analysis

Associated Chemicals: Contraceptives, Oral (0)

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