Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Full Abstract

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) records noninvasively activity of the entire brain with a high spatial resolution. We present a fMRI-based BCI which performs data processing and feedback of the hemodynamic brain activity within 1.3 s. Using this technique, differential feedback and self-regulation is feasible as exemplified by the supplementary motor area (SMA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA). Technical and experimental aspects are discussed with respect to neurofeedback. The methodology now allows for studying behavioral effects and strategies of local self-regulation in healthy and diseased subjects.

Author information

Author/s: Weiskopf, Nikolaus (N); Mathiak, Klaus (K); Bock, Simon W (SW); Scharnowski, Frank (F); Veit, Ralf (R); Grodd, Wolfgang (W); Goebel, Rainer (R); Birbaumer, Niels (N);

Affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. nikolaus.weiskopf(-atsign-)uni-tuebingen.de

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Validation Studies

Journal: IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering (IEEE Trans Biomed Eng), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2004-Jun; vol 51 (issue 6) : pp 966-70

Dates: Created 2004/06/10; Completed 2004/09/01; Revised 2009/11/11;

PMID: 15188865, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/11/2009, IMS Date: )

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