A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health.

Full Abstract

This paper reviews 138 empirical quantitative population-based studies of self-reported racism and health. These studies show an association between self-reported racism and ill health for oppressed racial groups after adjustment for a range of confounders. The strongest and most consistent findings are for negative mental health outcomes and health-related behaviours, with weaker associations existing for positive mental health outcomes, self-assessed health status, and physical health outcomes. Most studies in this emerging field have been published in the past 5 years and have been limited by a dearth of cohort studies, a lack of psychometrically validated exposure instruments, poor conceptualization and definition of racism, conflation of racism with stress, and debate about the aetiologically relevant period for self-reported racism. Future research should examine the psychometric validity of racism instruments and include these instruments, along with objectively measured health outcomes, in existing large-scale survey vehicles as well as longitudinal studies and studies involving children. There is also a need to gain a better understanding of the perception, attribution, and reporting of racism, to investigate the pathways via which self-reported racism affects health, the interplay between mental and physical health outcomes, and exposure to intra-racial, internalized, and systemic racism. Ensuring the quality of studies in this field will allow future research to reveal the complex role that racism plays as a determinant of population health.

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Author information

Author/s: Paradies, Yin (Y);

Affiliation: Centre for Health and Society, University of Melbourne, Australia. yin.paradies(-atsign-)menzies.edu.au

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

Journal: International journal of epidemiology (Int J Epidemiol), published in England. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2006-Aug; vol 35 (issue 4) : pp 888-901

Dates: Created 2006/08/25; Completed 2007/07/13;

PMID: 16585055, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 12/26/2008)

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