Research article summary (published 29 Apr 2006):

Levels-of-processing effect on internal source monitoring in schizophrenia.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recognition can be normalized in schizophrenia by providing patients with semantic organizational strategies through a levels-of-processing (LOP) framework. However, patients may rely primarily on familiarity effects, making recognition less sensitive than source monitoring to the strength of the episodic memory trace. The current study investigates whether providing semantic organizational strategies can also normalize patients' internal source-monitoring performance. METHOD: Sixteen clinically stable medicated patients with schizophrenia and 15 demographically matched healthy controls were asked to identify the source of remembered words following an LOP-encoding paradigm in which they alternated between processing words on a 'shallow' perceptual versus a 'deep' semantic level. A multinomial analysis provided orthogonal measures of item recognition and source discrimination, and bootstrapping generated variance to allow for parametric analyses. LOP and group effects were tested by contrasting recognition and source-monitoring parameters for words that had been encoded during deep versus shallow processing conditions. RESULTS: As in a previous study there were no group differences in LOP effects on recognition performance, with patients and controls benefiting equally from deep versus shallow processing. Although there were no group differences in internal source monitoring, only controls had significantly better performance for words processed during the deep encoding condition. Patient performance did not correlate with clinical symptoms or medication dose. CONCLUSIONS: Providing a deep processing semantic encoding strategy significantly improved patients' recognition performance only. The lack of a significant LOP effect on internal source monitoring in patients may reflect subtle problems in the relational binding of semantic information that are independent of strategic memory processes.

Author information

Author/s: Ragland, J Daniel (JD); McCarthy, Erin (E); Bilker, Warren B (WB); Brensinger, Colleen M (CM); Valdez, Jeffrey (J); Kohler, Christian (C); Gur, Raquel E (RE); Gur, Ruben C (RC);

Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ragland(-atsign-)bbl.med.upenn.edu

Grants: M01RR0040 (Agency:NCRR NIH HHS) ; MH-62103 (Agency:NIMH NIH HHS) ; MH-64045 (Agency:NIMH NIH HHS) ; NS045839 (Agency:NINDS NIH HHS)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: Psychological medicine (Psychol Med), published in England. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2006-May; vol 36 (issue 5) : pp 641-8

Dates: Created 2006/04/12; Completed 2006/09/28; Revised 2007/11/14;

PMID: 16608558, status: MEDLINE (last retrieved date: 2/18/2009)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MeSH Headings (categories) shown below.

Adult Association Case-Control Studies Female Humans Male Memory Disorders - psychology

Memory Disorders - psychology Mental Processes Mental Recall Pennsylvania Recognition (Psychology) Schizophrenic Psychology Semantics

Note: Bold headings indicate primary MeSH headings or qualifiers.

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