Women's reproductive health and depression: a community survey in the Gambia, West Africa.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Depression is the commonest mental illness in developing countries and impoverished women are most at risk. Formal mental health services in these situations are rare. Depression commonly co-presents with physical symptoms or else is unspectacular, so the condition often goes unrecognised. To strengthen the prevention and management of depression, information is required on easily recognisable correlates of depression. This study explored associations between depression and reproductive health conditions in rural African women of reproductive age.

METHODS:
A community-based reproductive health survey among rural women aged 15-54 years in The Gambia, West Africa, included screening with a modified Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), a reproductive health questionnaire and a gynaecological examination. Depression was then assessed clinically and data for 565 women were used to estimate the prevalence of depression and examine associations with reproductive health conditions and demographic factors.

RESULTS:
The weighted prevalence of depression was 10.3% (95% CI 8.3-12.7). Being depressed was most significantly associated with widowhood or divorce (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 8.42, 2.77-25.57), infertility (3.69, 1.42-9.65) and severe menstrual pain (3.94, 1.52-10.27). There were significant differences between ethnic groups. Being in the postpartum period was not associated with an increased likelihood of depression.

CONCLUSION:
This study points to the importance of reproductive potential and reproductive health in maintaining women's mental well-being across different strata of a rural and resource-poor society. It could provide an initial focus for the management of women with depression as well as directing future research in reproductive health and psychiatry.

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Author information

Author/s: Coleman, Rosalind (R); Morison, Linda (L); Paine, Katie (K); Powell, Richard A (RA); Walraven, Gijs (G);

Affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Farafenni Field Station, Banjul, The Gambia.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology (Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol), published in Germany. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2006-Sep; vol 41 (issue 9) : pp 720-7

Dates: Created 2006/09/11; Completed 2007/02/27;

PMID: 16794765, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 12/26/2008)

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adolescent
Adult
Community Mental Health Services
Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology; psychology
Female

Gambia - epidemiology
Humans
Infertility, Female - epidemiology
Middle Aged
Rural Population - statistics & numerical data

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