Update on botulinum toxin.

Full Abstract

Botulinum toxin for facial enhancement is currently the most popular aesthetic procedure performed in the United States. New developments have occurred within the last few years. Patients prefer having multiple areas of the upper face treated which increases patient satisfaction. Treatment of the forehead is now being accomplished with fewer units of botulinum toxin. This helps preserve the natural look of some movement of the forehead. Men require more units of botulinum toxin than women. Combination therapy using botulinum toxin along with lasers or filler substances is ideal. Aesthetic medicine knowledge has progressed, contributing a greater understanding of botulinum treatment for advanced areas of the face. The orbicularis oris, mentalis, and depressor anguli oris are now routinely treated and help improve overall facial appearance. Other forms of botulinum toxins (additional type A or type B toxins) are available, each with advantages and disadvantages.

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Author information

Author/s: Flynn, Timothy Corcoran (TC);

Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. flynn(-atsign-)caryskincenter.com

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal: Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery (Semin Cutan Med Surg), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2006-Sep; vol 25 (issue 3) : pp 115-21

Dates: Created 2006/10/23; Completed 2007/01/30;

PMID: 17055389, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 12/26/2008)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Botulinum Toxin Type A - administration & dosage
Cosmetic Techniques
Facial Muscles - drug effects
Female
Humans

Humans
Injections, Subcutaneous
Male
Neuromuscular Agents - administration & dosage
Skin Aging - drug effects

Associated Chemicals: Botulinum Toxin Type A (0) ; Neuromuscular Agents (0)

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