The size of scalable brain components in the human evolutionary lineage: with a comment on the paradox of Homo floresiensis.

Full Abstract

The discovery of a diminutive, small-brained hominin skeleton (LB1) from the Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia, seems to present a paradox concerning the interpretation of overall brain size in an evolutionary context. This specimen forms the holotype of a purportedly new hominin species, Homo floresiensis. As inferred from the archaeological record, it has been suggested that this species of Homo, existing as recently as 12,000 years ago, engaged in sophisticated cultural behaviors with an adult brain size equivalent to that seen in modern chimpanzees and one that in modern humans would be defined as "high degree microcephaly" and "always associated with idiocy". The alternative explanation for these behaviors at the observed brain size would require that H. floresiensis deviate from existing patterns of primate brain scaling at either a macroscopic or microscopic level. Here we develop predictive equations and confidence intervals for estimating the size of various brain components in the human evolutionary lineage by calculating scaling relationships among overall brain size and 11 components of the primate brain using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PIC) methods. Using these equations, paleoanthropologists can:
(a) estimate brain component size (and confidence intervals) for any primate in the fossil record if overall brain size is known; and (b) calculate some reasonable outside limits as to how far species-specific departures from allometric constraints (i.e., brain "reorganization") can be taken in assessing human brain evolution. We conclude that if the original assessment of LB1 is correct, i.e., that it samples a population from a new species of Homo, H. floresiensis, that was capable of Homo sapiens-like cultural attributes (fire, blade manufacturing, etc.), while having a chimpanzee-sized brain, then we are faced with the paradox that 1 cm(3) of H. floresiensis brain could not be functionally equivalent to 1cm(3) of a modern human or modern chimpanzee brain.

Learn Faster Today Improve your study skills

Author information

Author/s: Conroy, G C (GC); Smith, R J (RJ);

Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. conroyg(-atsign-)pcg.wustl.edu

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal: Homo : internationale Zeitschrift für die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen (Homo), published in Germany. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2007-; vol 58 (issue 1) : pp 1-12

Dates: Created 2007/02/27; Completed 2007/05/08; Revised 2007/11/13;

PMID: 17240374, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 12/26/2008)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

External Links for this article (including full text providers, if available):

Click Electronic Full-text Provider Links to see options for finding the electronic full text links to this article. Note there may be a subscription or fee required for access to the full text. See our FAQ for information on finding FREE full text articles.

This article may also be located in paper journal collections available in many libraries. Use the Journal and Publication Information above to find the full article.

MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Animals
Brain - anatomy & histology
Confidence Intervals
Evolution
Fossils
Hominidae - anatomy & histology; genetics

Humans
Indonesia
Organ Size
Phylogeny
Regression Analysis
Skull - anatomy & histology

These are the highest related articles currently in the database:

See 100+ related articles.