Augmented versus virtual reality laparoscopic simulation: what is the difference? A comparison of the ProMIS augmented reality laparoscopic simulator versus LapSim virtual reality laparoscopic simulator.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging new modality for laparoscopic skills training; however, most simulators lack realistic haptic feedback. Augmented reality (AR) is a new laparoscopic simulation system offering a combination of physical objects and VR simulation. Laparoscopic instruments are used within an hybrid mannequin on tissue or objects while using video tracking. This study was designed to assess the difference in realism, haptic feedback, and didactic value between AR and VR laparoscopic simulation.

METHODS:
The ProMIS AR and LapSim VR simulators were used in this study. The participants performed a basic skills task and a suturing task on both simulators, after which they filled out a questionnaire about their demographics and their opinion of both simulators scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were allotted to 3 groups depending on their experience:
experts, intermediates and novices. Significant differences were calculated with the paired t-test.

RESULTS:
There was general consensus in all groups that the ProMIS AR laparoscopic simulator is more realistic than the LapSim VR laparoscopic simulator in both the basic skills task (mean 4.22 resp. 2.18, P < 0.000) as well as the suturing task (mean 4.15 resp. 1.85, P < 0.000). The ProMIS is regarded as having better haptic feedback (mean 3.92 resp. 1.92, P < 0.000) and as being more useful for training surgical residents (mean 4.51 resp. 2.94, P < 0.000).

CONCLUSIONS:
In comparison with the VR simulator, the AR laparoscopic simulator was regarded by all participants as a better simulator for laparoscopic skills training on all tested features.

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Author information

Author/s: Botden, Sanne M B I (SM); Buzink, Sonja N (SN); Schijven, Marlies P (MP); Jakimowicz, Jack J (JJ);

Affiliation: Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: World journal of surgery (World J Surg), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2007-Apr; vol 31 (issue 4) : pp 764-72

Dates: Created 2007/03/27; Completed 2007/09/27; Revised 2008/11/21;

PMID: 17361356, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 12/26/2008)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Clinical Competence
Computer Simulation
Education, Medical, Continuing - methods; standards
Equipment Design
General Surgery - education

General Surgery - education
Humans
Laparoscopy - standards
Suture Techniques - standards
User-Computer Interface

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