Inhibitory performance, response speed, intraindividual variability, and response accuracy in ADHD.

Full Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the potential of inhibitory performance, response speed, and response accuracy and variability, measures central to the conceptualization of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in distinguishing children with ADHD from healthy controls (HCs).

METHOD:
The stop signal paradigm was administered to 38 children with ADHD and 31 NCs. The stop signal reaction time (SSRT), mean reaction time (MRT), intraindividual coefficient of variation (ICV), and number of errors were used to predict diagnostic status.

RESULTS:
Univariate tests showed that the ADHD group performed worse than NCs on all of the dependent variables. Exploratory univariate analyses showed that oppositional defiant disorder comorbidity and ADHD type did not influence results except for the ICV, the effect for this variable (more variability in the ADHD group) being less pronounced for the Predominantly Inattentive type than for the Hyperactive-Impulsive and Combined types. A logistic regression model of the MRT, ICV, and number of errors combined showed best predictive performance, with the MRT contributing the most to group classification (56% of the variance). The final model (MRT, ICV, and number of errors) predicted 87% of the sample in the correct diagnostic category. Operating characteristics showed excellent sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 83.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results contrast with theoretical accounts emphasizing inhibitory control as the pivotal measure characterizing cognitive performance in ADHD. Results are discussed in the context of a delay aversion perspective of ADHD.

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Author information

Author/s: de Zeeuw, Patrick (P); Aarnoudse-Moens, Cornelieke (C); Bijlhout, Joyce (J); König, Claudia (C); Post Uiterweer, Annebeth (A); Papanikolau, Alky (A); Hoogenraad, Caecilia (C); Imandt, Lieke (L); de Been, Debbie (D); Sergeant, Joseph A (JA); Oosterlaan, Jaap (J);

Affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. p.dezeeuw(-atsign-)umcutrecht.nl

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2008-Jul; vol 47 (issue 7) : pp 808-16

Dates: Created 2008/06/24; Completed 2008/09/02;

PMID: 18520957, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adolescent
Attention
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis; psychology
Child
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis; psychology
Female
Humans

Individuality
Inhibition (Psychology)
Male
Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data
Psychometrics - statistics & numerical data
Reaction Time
Reference Values

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