Ginkgo biloba extract kaempferol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Kaempferol is one of the most important constituents in ginkgo flavonoids. Recent studies indicate kaempferol may have antitumor activities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect and mechanisms of kaempferol on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 were treated with kaempferol, and the inhibitory effects of kaempferol on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation were examined by direct cell counting, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and MTS assay. Lactate dehydrogenase release from cells was determined as an index of cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay.

RESULTS:
Upon the treatment with 70 microm kaempferol for 4 days, MIA PaCa-2 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by 79% and 45.7% as determined by direct cell counting and MTS assay, respectively, compared with control cells (P < 0.05). Similarly, the treatment with kaempferol significantly inhibited Panc-1 cell proliferation. Kaempferol treatment also significantly reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation in both MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells. Combination treatment of low concentrations of kaempferol and 5-fluorouracil showed an additive effect on the inhibition of MIA PaCa-2 cell proliferation. Furthermore, kaempferol had significantly less cytotoxicity than 5-fluorouracil in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (P = 0.029). In both MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells, apoptotic cell population was increased when treated with kaempferol in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ginkgo biloba extract kaempferol effectively inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis, which may sensitize pancreatic tumor cells to chemotherapy. Kaempferol may have clinical applications as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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Author information

Author/s: Zhang, Yuqing (Y); Chen, Aaron Y (AY); Li, Min (M); Chen, Changyi (C); Yao, Qizhi (Q);

Affiliation: Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Grants: EB002436 (Agency:United States NIBIB) ; HL065916 (Agency:United States NHLBI) ; HL072716 (Agency:United States NHLBI) ; HL08347 (Agency:United States NHLBI) ; R01 DE15543 (Agency:United States NIDCR) ; R21 AT003094 (Agency:United States NCCAM)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: The Journal of surgical research (J Surg Res), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2008-Jul; vol 148 (issue 1) : pp 17-23

Dates: Created 2008/06/23; Completed 2008/07/22;

PMID: 18570926, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Apoptosis - drug effects
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Ginkgo biloba
Humans

Humans
Kaempferols - pharmacology
Pancreatic Neoplasms - drug therapy
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts - pharmacology

Associated Chemicals: Kaempferols (0) ; Plant Extracts (0) ; kaempferol (520-18-3)

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