Defining the incidence of cardiorespiratory instability in patients in step-down units using an electronic integrated monitoring system.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND:
To our knowledge, detection of cardiorespiratory instability using noninvasive monitoring via electronic integrated monitoring systems (IMSs) in intermediate or step-down units (SDUs) has not been described. We undertook this study to characterize respiratory status in an SDU population, to define features of cardiorespiratory instability, and to evaluate an IMS index value that should trigger medical emergency team (MET) activation.

METHODS:
This descriptive, prospective, single-blinded, observational study evaluated all patients in a 24-bed SDU in a university medical center during 8 weeks from November 16, 2006, to January 11, 2007. An IMS (BioSign; OBS Medical, Carmel, Indiana) was inserted into the standard noninvasive hardwired monitoring system and used heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry to develop a single neural networked signal, or BioSign Index (BSI). Data were analyzed for cardiorespiratory instability according to BSI trigger value and local MET activation criteria. Staff were blinded to BSI data collected in 326 patients (total census).

RESULTS:
Data for 18 248 hours of continuous monitoring were captured. Data for peripheral oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry were absent in 30% of monitored hours despite being a standard of care. Cardiorespiratory status in most patients (243 of 326 [74.5%]) was stable throughout their SDU stay, and instability in the remaining patients (83 of 326 [25%]) was exhibited infrequently. We recorded 111 MET activation criteria events caused by cardiorespiratory instability in 59 patients, but MET activation for this cause occurred in only 7 patients. All MET events were detected by BSI in advance (mean, 6.3 hours) in a bimodal distribution (>6 hours and < or =45 minutes).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiorespiratory instability, while uncommon and often unrecognized, was preceded by elevation of the IMS index. Continuous noninvasive monitoring augmented by IMS provides sensitive detection of early instability in patients in SDUs.

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Author information

Author/s: Hravnak, Marilyn (M); Edwards, Leslie (L); Clontz, Amy (A); Valenta, Cynthia (C); Devita, Michael A (MA); Pinsky, Michael R (MR);

Affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Bldg, 3500 Victoria St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. mhra(-atsign-)pitt.edu

Grants: HL67181 (Agency:United States NHLBI)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: Archives of internal medicine (Arch Intern Med), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2008-Jun; vol 168 (issue 12) : pp 1300-8

Dates: Created 2008/06/24; Completed 2008/07/08;

PMID: 18574087, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Critical Care
Female
Health Status Indicators
Heart Diseases - diagnosis; epidemiology
Humans
Incidence

Incidence
Intensive Care Units
Lung Diseases - diagnosis; epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Monitoring, Physiologic
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Single-Blind Method
Telemetry

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