Infant growth and child cognition at 3 years of age.

Full Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Infancy is a critical period for brain development. Few studies have examined the extent to which infant weight gain is associated with later neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy populations.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this work was to examine associations of infant weight gain from birth to 6 months with child cognitive and visual-motor skills at 3 years of age.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We studied 872 participants in Project Viva, an ongoing prospective, longitudinal, prebirth cohort. We abstracted birth weight from the medical chart and weighed infants at 6 months of age. We used the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts to derive weight-for-age z scores. Our primary predictor was infant weight gain, defined as the weight-for-age z score at 6 months adjusted for the weight-for-age z score at birth. At 3 years of age, we measured child cognition with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III and visual-motor skills with the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities.

RESULTS:
Mean Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III score was 104.2, and mean Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities test score was 102.8. Mean birth weight z score was 0.21, and mean 6-month weight z score was 0.39. In multiple linear regression adjusted for child age, gender, gestational age, breastfeeding duration, primary language, and race/ethnicity; maternal age, parity, smoking status, and cognition; and parental education and income level, we found no association of infant weight gain with child Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III score (-0.4 points per z score weight gain increment, 95% confidence interval -1.3, 0.6) or total Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities standard score (-0.4 points, 95% confidence interval -1.2, 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS:
Slower infant weight gain was not associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy, term-born 3-year-old children. These results should aid in determining optimal growth patterns in infants to balance risks and benefits of health outcomes through the life course.

Learn Faster Today Improve your study skills

Author information

Author/s: Belfort, Mandy B (MB); Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L (SL); Rich-Edwards, Janet W (JW); Kleinman, Ken P (KP); Oken, Emily (E); Gillman, Matthew W (MW);

Affiliation: Children's Hospital Boston, Division of Newborn Medicine, Hunnewell 437, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mandy.belfort(-atsign-)childrens.harvard.edu

Grants: 0957-007 (Agency:United States PHS) ; HD 34568 (Agency:United States NICHD) ; HL 64925 (Agency:United States NHLBI) ; HL 68041 (Agency:United States NHLBI)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Journal: Pediatrics (Pediatrics), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2008-Sep; vol 122 (issue 3) : pp e689-95

Dates: Created 2008/09/02; Completed 2008/09/16;

PMID: 18762504, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

External Links for this article (including full text providers, if available):

Click Electronic Full-text Provider Links to see options for finding the electronic full text links to this article. Note there may be a subscription or fee required for access to the full text. See our FAQ for information on finding FREE full text articles.

This article may also be located in paper journal collections available in many libraries. Use the Journal and Publication Information above to find the full article.

MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adult
Body Height - physiology
Body Weight - physiology
Child Development - physiology
Child, Preschool
Cognition - physiology
Female
Follow-Up Studies

These are the highest related articles currently in the database:

See 100+ related articles.