Cloverleaf skulls: etiologic heterogeneity and pathogenetic variability.

Full Abstract

Cloverleaf skulls (Kleeblattschädel-Syndromen, trilobular skulls) have different modes of development (pathogenetic variability). Synostosis may involve various sutures in different types of cloverleaf skulls. Their facial features, radiographic findings, and CNS anomalies are also reviewed. Different causes of cloverleaf skulls have been identified (etiologic heterogeneity). One table lists 26 different conditions with trilobular skulls identified under various etiologic headings: monogenic, chromosomal, disruptive, iatrogenic, and distinctive conditions of unknown cause. Discussed in detail are type 2 thanatophoric dysplasia, type 2 Pfeiffer syndrome, Apert syndrome, amniotic bands, Say-Poznanski syndrome, and COH syndrome. Another table summarizes the relative frequencies of the cloverleaf skull syndromes.

Author information

Author/s: Cohen, M Michael (MM);

Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1W2, Canada. michael.cohen(-atsign-)dal.ca

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal: The Journal of craniofacial surgery (J Craniofac Surg), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2009-Mar; vol 20 Suppl 1 (issue ) : pp 652-6

Dates: Created 2009/03/18; Completed 2009/10/15;

PMID: 19293681, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 10/15/2009, IMS Date: )

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

Comments and Corrections

ErratumIn: J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Sep;30(5):1629-30.

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