Research article summary (published 30 Aug 2009):

Composite chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds induce osteocalcin production by osteoblasts in vitro and support bone formation in vivo.

Full Abstract

There is a significant clinical need to develop alternatives to autografts and allografts for bone grafting procedures. Porous, biodegradable scaffolds based on the biopolymer chitosan have been investigated as bone graft substitutes, and the addition of calcium phosphate to these scaffolds has been shown to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold and may increase osteoconductivity. In this study, in vitro mineralization was examined for osteoblasts seeded in a porous scaffold composed of fused chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres. Human fetal osteoblasts were cultured on composite and chitosan scaffolds for 21 days. On days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21, total dsDNA, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin production were measured. Total cellularity (measured by dsDNA), alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen production were similar between the two scaffold groups. However, osteocalcin production occurred significantly earlier (day 7 vs. day 21) and was more than three times greater (0.0022 vs. 0.0068 ng/mL/ng DNA) on day 21 when osteoblasts were cultured on composite scaffolds. Osteocalcin is a marker of late osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized bone matrix formation. Therefore, the increase in osteocalcin production seen when cells were cultured on composite scaffolds may indicate that these scaffolds were superior to chitosan-only scaffolds in facilitating osteoblast mineralization. Composite scaffolds were also shown to be biocompatible and osteoconductive in a preliminary critical size rat calvarial defect study. These results demonstrate the potential of composite chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds to be used in bone tissue engineering.

Author information

Author/s: Chesnutt, Betsy M (BM); Yuan, Youling (Y); Buddington, Karyl (K); Haggard, Warren O (WO); Bumgardner, Joel D (JD);

Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal: Tissue engineering. Part A (Tissue Eng Part A), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2009-Sep; vol 15 (issue 9) : pp 2571-9

Dates: Created 2009/08/25; Completed 2009/10/27;

PMID: 19309240, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 10/27/2009, IMS Date: )

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism Animals Chitosan - pharmacology Collagen Type I - biosynthesis Durapatite - pharmacology Humans Nanocomposites - chemistry; ultrastructure Osteoblasts - cytology; enzymology; metabolism; ultrastructure

Osteoblasts - cytology; enzymology; metabolism; ultrastructure Osteocalcin - biosynthesis Osteogenesis - drug effects Rats Rats, Wistar Skull - drug effects; pathology Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry X-Ray Microtomography

Associated Chemicals: Collagen Type I (0) ; Osteocalcin (104982-03-8) ; Durapatite (1306-06-5) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)

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