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| Research article summary (published 9 May 2009): |
Dynamics of neuronal circuits in addiction: reward, antireward, and emotional memory.
Full Abstract
Drug addiction is conceptualized as chronic, relapsing compulsive use of drugs with significant dysregulation of brain hedonic systems. Compulsive drug use is accompanied by decreased function of brain substrates for drug positive reinforcement and recruitment of brain substrates mediating the negative reinforcement of motivational withdrawal. The neural substrates for motivational withdrawal ("dark side" of addiction) involve recruitment of elements of the extended amygdala and the brain stress systems, including corticotropin-releasing factor and norepinephrine. These changes, combined with decreased reward function, are hypothesized to persist in the form of an allostatic state that forms a powerful motivational background for relapse. Relapse also involves a key role for the basolateral amygdala in mediating the motivational effects of stimuli previously paired with drug seeking and drug motivational withdrawal. The basolateral amygdala has a key role in mediating emotional memories in general. The hypothesis argued here is that brain stress systems activated by the motivational consequences of drug withdrawal can not only form the basis for negative reinforcement that drives drug seeking, but also potentiate associative mechanisms that perpetuate the emotional state and help drive the allostatic state of addiction.
Author information
Author/s: Koob, G F (GF);
Affiliation: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. gkoob(-atsign-)scripps.edu
Grants: AA06420 (Agency:NIAAA NIH HHS) ; AA08459 (Agency:NIAAA NIH HHS) ; DA04043 (Agency:NIDA NIH HHS) ; DA04398 (Agency:NIDA NIH HHS) ; DA10072 (Agency:NIDA NIH HHS) ; DK26741 (Agency:NIDDK NIH HHS) ; P01 DK026741-290004 (Agency:NIDDK NIH HHS) ; P60 AA006420-25 (Agency:NIAAA NIH HHS) ; R01 AA008459-18 (Agency:NIAAA NIH HHS) ; R01 DA004043-21 (Agency:NIDA NIH HHS) ; R01 DA004398-21 (Agency:NIDA NIH HHS)
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
Journal: Pharmacopsychiatry (Pharmacopsychiatry), published in Germany. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2009-May; vol 42 Suppl 1 (issue ) : pp S32-41
Dates: Created 2009/05/12; Completed 2009/07/01; Revised 2009/09/10;
PMID: 19434554, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 9/11/2009, IMS Date: 11 Sep 2009 00:00:00)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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