Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis.

Full Abstract

Spice active principles are reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antilithogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. In our previous report we have shown that spices and their active principles inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and also formation of leukotriene C4. In this study, we report the modulatory effect of spice active principles viz., eugenol, capsaicin, piperine, quercetin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde and allyl sulphide on in vitro human platelet aggregation. We have demonstrated that spice active principles inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists, namely ADP (50microM), collagen (500microg/ml), arachidonic acid (AA) (1.0mM) and calcium ionophore A-23187 (20microM). Spice active principles showed preferential inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation compared to other agonists. Among the spice active principles tested, eugenol and capsaicin are found to be most potent inhibitors of AA-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 0.5 and 14.6microM, respectively. The order of potency of spice principles in inhibiting AA-induced platelet aggregation is eugenol>capsaicin>curcumin>cinnamaldehyde>piperine>allyl sulphide>quercetin. Eugenol is found to be 29-fold more potent than aspirin in inhibiting AA-induced human platelet aggregation. Eugenol and capsaicin inhibited thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation in platelets in a dose-dependent manner challenged with AA apparently by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX-1). Eugenol-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation is further confirmed by dose-dependent decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) in platelets. Further, eugenol and capsaicin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists-collagen, ADP and calcium ionophore but to a lesser degree compared to AA. These results clearly suggest that spice principles have beneficial effects in modulating human platelet aggregation.

Author information

Author/s: Raghavendra, R H (RH); Naidu, K Akhilender (KA);

Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids (Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids), published in Scotland. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2009-Jul; vol 81 (issue 1) : pp 73-8

Dates: Created 2009/07/06; Completed 2009/09/03;

PMID: 19501497, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 9/4/2009, IMS Date: )

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Acrolein - analogs & derivatives; pharmacology
Adenosine Diphosphate - pharmacology
Alkaloids - pharmacology
Allyl Compounds - pharmacology
Arachidonic Acid - pharmacology
Benzodioxoles - pharmacology
Calcimycin - pharmacology
Capsaicin - pharmacology
Collagen Type III - pharmacology
Curcumin - pharmacology
Eugenol - pharmacology

Eugenol - pharmacology
Humans
Malondialdehyde - metabolism
Piperidines - pharmacology
Platelet Aggregation - drug effects
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - pharmacology
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - pharmacology
Quercetin - pharmacology
Spices
Sulfides - pharmacology
Thromboxanes - biosynthesis

Associated Chemicals: Alkaloids (0) ; Allyl Compounds (0) ; Benzodioxoles (0) ; Collagen Type III (0) ; Piperidines (0) ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (0) ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides (0) ; Sulfides (0) ; Thromboxanes (0) ; cinnamic aldehyde (104-55-2) ; Acrolein (107-02-8) ; Quercetin (117-39-5) ; Capsaicin (404-86-4) ; Curcumin (458-37-7) ; Arachidonic Acid (506-32-1) ; Calcimycin (52665-69-7) ; Malondialdehyde (542-78-9) ; Adenosine Diphosphate (58-64-0) ; allyl sulfide (592-88-1) ; piperine (7780-20-3) ; Eugenol (97-53-0)

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