Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Full Abstract

Previous epidemiologic studies found inconsistent associations between vegetables and fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. We therefore investigated the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Data on food consumption and complete follow-up for cancer occurrence was available for a total of 478,533 participants, who were recruited in 10 European countries. Estimates of rate ratios were obtained by Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by age at recruitment, gender and study centre, and adjusted for total energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. A calibration study in a subsample was used to control for dietary measurement errors. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1015 participants were newly diagnosed with bladder cancer. Increments of 100 g/day in fruit and vegetable consumption combined did not affect bladder cancer risk (i.e., calibrated HR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.95-1.01). Borderline statistically significant lower bladder cancer risks were found among never smokers with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables combined (HR = 0.94 95%CI: 0.87-1.00 with increments of 100 g/day; calibrated HR = 0.92 95%CI 0.79-1.06) and increased consumption of apples and pears (hard fruit; calibrated HR = 0.90 95%CI: 0.82-0.98 with increments of 25 g/day). For none of the associations a statistically significant interaction with smoking status was found. Our findings do not support an effect of fruit and vegetable consumption, combined or separately, on bladder cancer risk.

Author information

Author/s: Büchner, Frederike L (FL); Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas (HB); Ros, Martine M (MM); Kampman, Ellen (E); Egevad, Lars (L); Overvad, Kim (K); Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole (O); Tjønneland, Anne (A); Roswall, Nina (N); Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise (F); Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine (MC); Touillaud, Marina (M); Chang-Claude, Jenny (J); Kaaks, Rudolf (R); Boeing, Heiner (H); Weikert, Steffen (S); Trichopoulou, Antonia (A); Lagiou, Pagona (P); Trichopoulos, Dimitrios (D); Palli, Domenico (D); Sieri, Sabina (S); Vineis, Paolo (P); Tumino, Rosario (R); Panico, Salvatore (S); Vrieling, Alina (A); Peeters, Petra H M (PH); van Gils, Carla H (CH); Lund, Eiliv (E); Gram, Inger T (IT); Engeset, Dagrun (D); Martinez, Carmen (C); Gonzalez, Carlos A (CA); Larrañaga, Nerea (N); Ardanaz, Eva (E); Navarro, Carmen (C); Rodríguez, Laudina (L); Manjer, Jonas (J); Ehrnström, Roy A (RA); Hallmans, Goran (G); Ljungberg, Borje (B); Allen, Naomi E (NE); Roddam, Andrew W (AW); Bingham, Sheila (S); Khaw, Kay-Tee (KT); Slimani, Nadia (N); Boffetta, Paolo (P); Jenab, Mazda (M); Mouw, Traci (T); Michaud, Dominique S (DS); Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M (LA); Riboli, Elio (E);

Affiliation: The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Grants: (Agency:British Heart Foundation) ; (Agency:Cancer Research UK) ; (Agency:Department of Health) ; (Agency:Medical Research Council) ; (Agency:Wellcome Trust)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer (Int J Cancer), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2009-Dec; vol 125 (issue 11) : pp 2643-51

Dates: Created 2009/10/05; Completed 2009/11/06;

PMID: 19618458, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2009, IMS Date: )

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

External Links for this article
(including full text providers, if available):

Click Electronic Full-text Provider Links to see options for finding the electronic full text links to this article. Note there may be a subscription or fee required for access to the full text. See our FAQ for information on finding FREE full text articles.

This article may also be located in paper journal collections available in many libraries. Use the Journal and Publication Information above to find the full article.