The practice of and documentation on withholding and withdrawing life support: a retrospective study in two Dutch intensive care units.

Full Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We determined how often life support was withheld or withdrawn in patients who died in the intensive care unit (ICU) or early after ICU discharge and evaluated documentation on decisions regarding these changes in life support orders. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in a university hospital and a general teaching hospital. Charts of patients who died during ICU stay or within 7 days after ICU discharge in 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 2578 admitted patients, 356 patients (14%) died either in the ICU or within 7 days after ICU discharge. For 9 patients data were missing, leaving 347 patients for analysis. Seventy-seven patients (22%) died with full life support, 85 (25%) died while treatment was being withheld, and 185 (53%) patients died while treatment was being withdrawn. One or more changes in life support orders were noted in 266 patients (77%). Only 8% of the patients were recorded to be incapacitated at the time of the change. Patients' preferences regarding life support were documented in less than one-quarter of cases. In approximately one third of cases, it was not documented which member(s) of the ICU team were involved in an end-of-life decision. In the documented cases, end-of-life decisions were made along with the patient (7%) or with the patient's representatives (59%). CONCLUSION: ICU nonsurvivors and patients who die shortly after ICU discharge predominantly die with orders to withhold or withdraw life support. Documentation on the decisions to forgo full life support is poor.

Author information

Author/s: Spronk, Peter E (PE); Kuiper, Alexej V (AV); Rommes, Johannes H (JH); Korevaar, Joke C (JC); Schultz, Marcus J (MJ);

Affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelre Hospitals, Location Lukas, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. p.spronk(-atsign-)gelre.nl

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal: Anesthesia and analgesia (Anesth Analg), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2009-Sep; vol 109 (issue 3) : pp 841-6

Dates: Created 2009/08/19; Completed 2009/09/09;

PMID: 19690256, status: MEDLINE (last retrieved date: 9/9/2009)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

Comments and Corrections

CommentIn: Anesth Analg. 2009 Sep;109(3):691-2. (PMID: 19690232)

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