[The effect of the instantiating information on association between categories and instances]

Full Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to make clear the mechanism of inferences and the representation of semantic categories with the instantiating information. In Experiment 1, verification times of instantiating-context-dependent category membership were measured for 24 graduate and undergraduate students. Verification times in RT (related true instance) condition were faster than those in UT (unrelated true instance). But those in RF (related false instance) condition were equal to those in UF (unrelated false instance). In verifying the context-dependent category, not forward association inferences from categories with the instantiating information to instance but backward association inferences from instances to instantiating contexts occurred. The results suggested that there weren't the instantiated representations of categories. In Experiment 2, categories with the instantiating information and instances were used as the predicate term in deductive reasoning. Judgements of validity and their reaction times under time pressure were measured for 24 graduate and undergraduate students. Percentages of valid responses were high in valid figure, and reaction times in universal negative proposition were longer. It was concluded that, when the tacit premises are introduced, backward association inferences are much more used than forward association inferences.

Author information

Author/s: Yonezawa, Y (Y);

Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Wakayama University.

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: English Abstract; Journal Article

Journal: Shinrigaku kenkyu : The Japanese journal of psychology (Shinrigaku Kenkyu), published in JAPAN. (Language: jpn)

Reference: 1990-Jun; vol 61 (issue 2) : pp 87-93

Dates: Created 1991/01/17; Completed 1991/01/17; Revised 2006/11/15;

PMID: 2250426, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 2/18/2009, IMS Date: )

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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